References For Alzheimer's Disease Treatments
1. Breitner,JC.et.al.,Delayed onset of
alzheimer's disease with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and histamine H2
blocking drugs. Neurobiol Aging, 1995, 16: 523-530.
2. Stewart,W.,et.al.,
Neurology,1997,48: 626-632.
3. Galli,G.,et.al., Activation of apoptosis
by serum deprivation in a teratocarcinoma cell line: inhibition by
l-acetylcarnitine. Exp Cell Res, 204: 54-60.
4. Forloni, G.,et.al.,
Neuroprotective activity of acetyl-l-carnitine: studies in vitro. J Neurosci
Res, 1994, 37: 92-96.
5. Passeri,M., et.al., Acetyl-l-carnitine in the
treatment of mildly demented elderly patients. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res, 1990,
10: 75-79.
6. Sano,M., et.al., Double blind parallel design pilot study
of acetyl levocarnitine in patients with alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol, 1992,
49: 1137-1141.
7. Spagnoli,A.,et.al., Long term acetyl-l-carnitine
treatment in alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1991, 41:1726-1732.
8.
Pettegrew,J.W.,et.al., Clinical and neurochemical effects of acetyl-l-carnitine
in alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol Aging, 1995, 16: 1-4.
9.
Thal,L.J.,et.al., A l year multicenter placebo-controlled study of
acetyl-l-carnitine in patients with alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1996, 47:
705-711.
10. Brooks, J.O.3rd,et.al., Acetyl-l-carnitine slows decline in
younger patients with alzheimer's disease: a reanalysis of a
double-blind,placebo-controlled study using the trilinear approach. Int
Psychogeriatr, 1998, 10: 193-203.
11. Thal,L.J.,et.al., A 1 year
controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine in early-onset AD. Neurology, 2000, 55:
805-810.
12. Campi,N., et.al., Selegiline versus acetyl-l-carnitine in
the treatment of alzheimer type dementia. Clin Ther, 1990, 12:
306-314.
13. Sinforiano, E.,et.al., Neuropsychological changes in
demented patients treated with acetyl-l-carnitine. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res,
1990, 10: 69-74.
14. Deng,Q.S.,et.al., Ionic mechanisms of acupuncture on
improvement of learning and memory in aged animals. Am J Chin Med, 1995, 23:
1-9.
15. Chen,Y., Clinical research on treating senile dementia by
combining acupunture with acupoint-injection. Acupuncture and Electro
Therapeutics Res Int J, 1992, 17: 61-73.
16. Kagan,B.L.,et.al., Oral
s-adenosylmethionine in depression: a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled
trial. Am J Psychiatry, 1990, 147:591-595.
17. Fugh-Berman,A.,et.al.,
Dietary supplements and natural products as psychotherapeutic agents. Psychosom
Med, 1999, 61: 712-728.
18. Cohen,B.M., et.al., S-adenosyl-l-methionine
in the treatment of alzheimer's disease. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 1988,
8:43-47.
19. Fritz,C.L., et.al., Association with companion animals and
the expression of noncognitive symptoms in alzheimer's patients. J Nerv Ment
Dis, 1995, 183: 459-463.
20. Steele,C.,et.al., Haloperidol versus
thioridazine in the treatment of behavioral symptoms in senile dementia of the
alzheimer's type: preliminary findings. J Clin Psychiatry, 1986, 47:
310-312.
21. Lemke,M.R.,Effect of carbamazepine on agitation in
alzheimer's disease inpatients refractory to neuroleptics. J Clin Psychiatry,
1995, 56: 354-357.
22. Teri,L.,et.al.,Treatment of agitation in AD: a
randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Neurology, 2000, 55:
1271-1278.
23. Simpson,D.M.,Improvement in organically disturbed behavior
with trazodone treatment. J Clin Psychiatry,1996, 47: 191-193.
24.
Lebert,F., Behavioral effects of trazodone in alzheimer's disease. J Clin
Psychiatry, 1994, 55: 536-538.
25. Gedye,A., Serotonergic treatment for
aggression in a Down's syndrome adult showing signs of alzheimer's disease. J
Ment Defic Res, 1991,35: 247-258.
26. Feingeld,E.W.,et.al., Double-blind
study with phospatidylserine in parkinsonian patients with senile dementia of
alzheimer's type. Prog Clin Biol Res, 1989, 317: 1235-1246.
27.
Shankle,W.R.,et.al.,Low-dose propanolol reduces aggression and agitation
resembling that associated with orbitofrontal dysfunction in elderly demented
patients. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 1995, 9: 233-237.
28.
Amadeo,M.,Antiandrogen treatment of aggressivity in men suffering from dementia.
J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 1996, 9: 142-145.
29.
Sunderland,T.,Anticholinergic sensitvity in patients with dementia of the
alzheimer type and age-matched controls. A dose-response study. Arch Gen
Psychiatry, 1987, 44: 418-426.
30. Larson,E.B., Adverse drug reactions
associated with global cognitive impairment in elderly persons. Ann Intern Med,
1987, 107: 169-173.
31. Ames,D.,et.al., Drugs used for psychiatric
disorders. Med J Aust, 1993, 159: 116-120.
32. Ames,D.,et.al., Drugs used
for psychiatric disorders. Med J Aus, 1993, 159: 116-120.
33.
Schneider,L.S., Efficacy of treatment for geropsychiatric patients with severe
mental illness. Psychopharmacol Bull, 1993, 29: 501-514.
34.
Brooker,D.J.,et.al., Single case evaluation of the effects of aromatherapy and
massage on disturbed behavior in severe dementia. Br J Clin Psychol, 1997, 36:
287-296.
35. Rich,J.B.,et.al., Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in
alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1995, 45: 51-55.
36.
Doraiswamy,P.M.,et.al., NSAIDS and cognition in alzheimer's disease. Neurology,
1996, 46: 1194.
37. Breitner,J.C.,et.al., Delayed onset of alzheimer's
disease with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and histamine H2 blocking drugs.
Neurobiol Aging, 1995,16: 523-530.
38. Doraiswamy,P.M.,et.al., NSAIDS and
cognition in alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1996, 46: 1194.
39.
Inzelberg,R.,et.al.,Effects of atropine on learning and memory functions in
dementia. Clin Neuropharmacol,1990,13: 1-7.
40.
Preston,G.C.,et.al.,Scopolamine and benzodiazepine models of dementia:
cross-reversals by RO 15-1788 and physostigmine. Psychopharmacology, 1989, 98:
487-494.
41. Pomara,N.,et.al., ApoE4 allele and susceptibility to
drug-related memory impairment in the elderly. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 1998,
18:179-181.
42. Sobel,B.P., Bingo vs. physical intervention in
stimulating short-term cognition in alzheimer's disease patients. Am J
Alzheimers Dis Other Dement, 2001, 16: 115-120.
43. Lemke,M.R., Effect of
carbamazepine on agitation in alzheimer's inpatients refractory to neuroleptics.
J Clin Psychiatry, 1995, 56: 354-357.
44. Lemke,M.R.,et.al.,Therapeutic
use of carbamazepinefor treatment of agitations and affective disorders in
geriatric psychiatry patients. Psychiatr Prax, 1994, 21: 147-150.
45.
Marin,D.B.,et.al.,Carbamazepine for aggressive agitation in demented patients.
Am J Psychiatry, 1989, 146: 805.
46. Gleason,R.P., et.al., Carbamazepine
treatment of agitation in alzheimer's outpatients refractory to neuroleptics. J
Clin Psychiatry, 1990, 51: 115-118.
47. Raskind,M.A.,et.al., Alzheimer's
disease and related disorders. Med Clin North Am,2001, 85: 803-817.
48.
Ragneskog,H.,et.al., Long-term treatment of elderly individuals with emotional
disturbances: an open study with citalopram. Int Psychogeriatr,1996, 8:
659-668.
49. Gottfries,C.G.,et.al., Effect of citalopram, a selective
5-HT reuptake blocker, in emotionally disturbed patients with dementia. Ann Ny
Acad Sci,1991, 640: 276-279.
50. Wu,R.M.,et.al., Suppression of hydroxyl
radical formation and protection of nigral neurons by l-deprenyl. Ann Ny Acad
Sci, 1996, 786: 379-390.
51. Iwasaki,Y.,et.al., Deprenyl enhances neurite
outgrowth in cultured rat spinal ventral horn neurons. J Neurol Sci, 1994, 125:
11-13.
52. Martini,E.,et.al., Brief information on an early plase 2 study
with deprenyl in demented patients. Pharmacopsychiatry, 1987, 20:
256-257.
53. Tariot,P.N.,et.al., Cognitive effects of l-deprenyl in
alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacology, 1987, 91: 489-495.
54.
Schneider,L.S., et.al., A pilot study of low dose l-deprenyl in alzheimer's
disease. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 1991, 4: 143-148.
55.
Burke,W.J.,et.al., L-deprenyl in the treatment of mild dementia of the alzheimer
type: results of a 15 month trial. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1993, 41:
1219-1225.
56. Freedman,M.,et.al., L-deprenyl in alzheimer's disease:
cognitive and behavioral effects. Neurology,1998, 50: 660-668.
57.
Shepherd,J.E., Effects of estrogen on cognition,mood, and degenerative brain
diseases. J Am Pharm Assoc, 2001, 41: 221-228.
58. Greene,R.A., Estrogen
and cerebral blood flow: a mechanism to explain the impact of estrogen on the
incidence and treatment of alzheimer's disease. Int J Fertil Womens Med, 2000,
45: 153-257.
59. Panidis,D.K.,et.al., The role of estrogen replacement
therapy in alzheimer's disease. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol, 2001, 95:
86-91.
60. Greene,R.A., Estrogen and cerebral blood flow: a mechanism to
explain the impact of estrogen on the incidence and treatment of alzheimer's
disease. Int J Fertil Womens Med, 2000, 45: 153-257.
61. Kim,H.,et.al.,
Neuroprotective effects of estrogen against beta-amyloid toxicity are mediated
by estrogen receptors in cultured neuronal cells. Neurosci Lett, 2001, 302:
58-62.
62. Li,R.,et.al., Estrogen enhances the uptake of amyloid beta
protein by microglia derived from the human cortex. J Neurochem, 2000, 75:
1447-1454.
63. Kampen,D.L.,et.al., Estrogen use and verbal memory in
healthy postmenopausal women. Obstet Gynecol, 1994, 83: 979-983.
64.
Robinson,D.,et.al., Estrogen replacement therapy and memory in olders women. J
Am Geriatr Soc, 1994, 12: 919-922.
65. Ohkura,T.,et.al., Long-term
estrogen replacement therapy in female patients with dementia of the alzheimer
type: 7 case reports. Dementia, 1995, 6: 99-107.
66. Schneider,L.S.,
et.al., Effects of estrogen replacement therapy on response to tacrine in
patients with alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1996, 46: 1580-1584.
67.
Olichney,J.M.,et.al., Estrogen use and decline in cognition among alzheimer's
disease patients. Neurology, 1999, 52: A 395.
68. Relkin,N.,et.al., The
effect of concomitant donepezil and estrogen treatment on the cognitive
performance of women with alzheimer's disease. Neurology,1999, 52:
A397.
69. Kyomen,H.H.,et.al., The use of estrogen to decrease aggressive
physical behavior in elderly men with dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc,
39:1110-1112.
70. Kay,P.A., et.al., Transdermal estradiol in the
management of aggressive behaviors in male patients with dementia. Clin
Gerontologist, 1995, 15: 54-58.
71. Kondo,K., et.al., A case-control
study of alzheimer's disease in Japan- significance of life styles. Dementia,
1994, 5: 314-326.
72. Broe,G.A.,et.al., A case-control study of
alzheimer's disease in Australia. Neurology,1990, 40: 1698-1707.
73.
Shimamura,K.,et.al., Environmental factors possibly associated with onset of
senile dementia. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi,1998, 45: 203-212.
74.
Okamoto,K.,et.al., Sociomedical and lifestyle risk factors of senile
dementia,determined in a nested case-control study. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi,
1994,31: 604-609.
75. Rolland,Y.,et.al.,Feasibility of regular physical
exercise for patients with moderate to severe alzheimer disease. J Nutr Health
Aging, 2000, 4: 109-113.
76. Lindemuth,G.F.,et.al., Improving cognitive
abilites of elderly alzheimer's patients with intense exercise therapy. Am J
Alzheimer's Care Rel Dis Res, 1990,5: 31-33.
77. Namaxzi,K.H., et.al., A
low intensity exercise/movement program for patients with alzheimer's disease:
the TEMP-AD protocol. J Aging Phys Act,1994, 2: 80-92.
78.
Friedman,R.,et.al., The effects of planned walking on communication in
alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1991, 39: 650-654.
79. Roane,D.M.,
et.al., Treatment of dementia-associated agitation with gabapentin. J
Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 2000, 12: 40-43.
80. Herrmann, N.,et.al.,
Effectiveness of gabapentin for the treatment of behavioral disorders in
dementia. J Clin Psychopharmacol, 2000, 20: 90-93.
81.
Hawkins,J.W.,et.al., A retrospective chart review of gabapentin for the
treatment of aggressive and agitated behavior in patients with dementia. Am J
Geriatr Psychiatry, 2000, 8: 221-225.
82. Maurer,K.,et.al., Clinical
efficacy of gingko biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia of the alzheimer type. J
Psychiatry Res, 1997, 31: 645-655.
83. Wettstein,A., Cholinesterase
inhibitors and gingko extracts-- are they comparable in the treatment of
dementia? Comparison of published placebo-controlled efficacy studies of at
least six months' duration. Phytomedicine, 2000, 6: 393-401.
84. Le Bars,
P.L., et.al., A 26-week analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of
the gingko biloba extract EGb 761 in dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 2000,
11: 230-237.
85. Le Bars,P.L., et.al., A placebo-controlled,double-blind,
randomized trial of an extract of gingko biloba for dementia. JAMA, 1997, 278:
1327-1332.
86. Haase,J.,et.al., Effectiveness of brief infusions with
gingko biloba extracts EGb 716 in dementia of the vascular and alzheimer type. Z
Gerontol Geriatr, 1996, 29: 302-309.
87. Thomson,G.J., et.al., A clinical
trial of gingko biloba extract in patients with intermittent claudication. Int
Angiol, 1990, 9: 75-78.
88. Yao,Z., et.al., The gingko biloba extract EGb
761 rescues the PC12 neuronal cells from beta-amyloid induced cell death by
inhibiting the formation of beta amyloid diffusible neurotoxic ligands. Brain
Res, 2001, 889: 181-190.
89. Itil, T.M., et.al., The pharmacological
effects of gingko biloba, a plant extract, on the brain of dementia patients in
comparison with tacrine. Psychopharmacol Bull, 1998, 34: 391-397.
90.
Cheng, D.H.,et.al., Huperzine A, a novel promising acetylcholinesterase
inhibitor. Neuroreport, 1996, 8: 97-101.
91. Zhu, X.Z., et.al.,
Development of natural products as drugs acting on central nervous system. Mem
Inst Oswaldo Cruz, 1991, 86: 173-175.
92. Skolnick,A.A., Old chinese
herbal medicine used for fever yields possible new alzheimer disease therapy.
JAMA, 1997, 277: 776.
93. Sun,Q.Q.,et.al., Huperzine A capsules enhance
memory and learning peformance in 34 pairs of matched adolescent students.
Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao, 1999, 20: 601-603.
94. Xu,S.S., et.al., Efficacy
of tablet huperzine A on memory,cognition,and behavior in alzheimer's disease.
Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao, 1995, 16: 391-395.
95. Zhang,H.Y., et.al.,
Huperzine B, a novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, attenuates hydrogen
peroxide induced injury in PC 12 cells. Neurosci Lett, 2000, 292:
41-44.
96. Xiao,X.Q.,et.al., Huperzine A and tacrine attenuate
beta-amyloid induced oxidative injury. J Neurosci Res, 2000, 61:
564-569.
97. Breitner,J.C., et.al., Delayed onset of alzheimer's disease
with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory and histamine H2 blocking drugs. Neurobiol
Aging, 1995, 16: 523-530.
98. Corrada,M., et.al., Nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs and the risk of alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1996,
46: A433.
99. Lambat,Z., et.al., An investigation into the
neuroprotective properties of ibuprofen. Metab Brain Dis, 2000, 15: 249-
256.
100. Lim,G.P., et.al., Ibuprofen suppresses plaque pathology and
inflammation in a mouse model for alzheimer's disease. J Neurosci Res, 2000, 20:
5709-5714.
101. Rogers,J., et.al., Clinical trials of indomethacin in
alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 1993, 43: 1609-1611.
102. Lockhart,B.P.,
et.al., Inhibitors of free radical formation fail to attenuate direct
beta-amyloid 25-35 peptide mediated neurotoxicity in rat hippocampal cultures. J
Neurosci Res, 1994, 39: 494-505.
103. Goodman, Y., et.al.,
Nordihydroquiacetic acid protects hippocampal neurons against amyloid beta
peptide toxicity and attenuates free radical and calcium accumulation. Brain
Res, 1994, 654: 171-176.
104. Netland,E.E., et.al., Indomethacin reverses
the microglial response to amyloid beta protein. Neurobiol Aging, 1998, 19:
201-204.
105. Mallet,L., et.al., Indomethacin-induced behavioral changes
in an elderly patient with dementia. Annals of Pharmacotherapy,1998, 32:
201-203.
106. Higgins, J.P.T., et.al., Lecithin for dementia and
cognitive impairment. Cochrane Library, 2001, 2: Oxford.
107.
Otsuka,A.,et.al., Absence of nocturnal fall in blood pressure in elderly persons
with alzheimer type dementia. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1990, 38: 973-978.
108.
Otsuka,A., et.al., Circadian changes of blood pressure in the elderly with
alzheimer's type dementia. Nippon Ronen Igakkai Zaashi, 1990, 27:
570-572.
109. Reynolds,V.,et.al., Heart rate variation, age, and behavior
in patients with senile dementia of alzheimer type. Chronobiol Int, 1995, 12:
37-45.
110. Tate,B., et.al., Disruption of circadian regulation by brain
grafts that overexpress alzheimer amyloid beta protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,
1992, 89: 7090-7094.
111. Swaab,D.F., et.al., The suprachiasmatic nucleus
in the human brain in relation to age,sex, and senile dementia. Brain Res, 1985,
342: 37-44.
112. Mishima,K.,et.al., Morning bright light therapy for
sleep and behavior disorders in elderly patients with dementia. Acta Psychiatr
Scand, 1994, 89: 1-7.
113. Lovell,B.B.,et.al., Effect of bright light
treatment on agitated behavior in institutionalized elderly subjects. J
Psychiatry Res, 1995, 57: 7-12.
114. Ito,T., et.al., Effects of bright
light on cognitive disturbances in alzheimer-type dementia. Nippon Ika Daigaku
Zaashi, 1999, 66: 229-238.
115. Campbell,S.S., et.al., Exposure to light
in healthy elderly subjects and alzheimer's patients. Physiol Behav, 1988, 42:
141-144.
116. Brinkman,S.D., et.al., Lithium-induced increases in red
blood cell choline and memory performance in alzheimer-type dementia. Biol
Psychiatry, 1984, 19: 157-164.
117. Pomara,N., et.al., Elevation of red
blood cell glycine and choline levels in geriatric patients treated with
lithium. Am J Psychiatry, 1983, 140: 911-913.
118. Randels,P.M., et.al.,
Lithium and lecithin treatment in alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Hillside J
Clin Psychiatry, 1984, 6: 139-147.
119. Kelwala,S.,et.al.,
Lithium-induced accentuation of extrapyramidal symptoms in individuals with
alzheimer's disease. J Clin Psychiatry, 1984, 45: 343-344.
120.
Brinkman,S.D., et.al., Lithium induced increases in red blood cell choline and
memory performance in alzheimer type dementia. Biol Psychiatry, 1984, 19:
157-164.
121. Rowe,M., et.al., The effectiveness of slow-stroke massage
in diffusing agitated behaviors in individuals with alzheimer's disease. J
Gerontol Nursing, 1999, 25: 22-34.
122. Lord,T.R., et.al., Effects of
music on alzheimer patients. Percept Mot Skills, 1993, 76: 451-455.
123.
Casby,J.A.,et.al., The effect of music on repetitive disruptive vocalizations of
persons with dementia. Am J Occup Ther, 1994, 48: 883-889.
124.
Gerdner,L.A., Effects of individualized versus classical relaxation music on the
frequency of agitation in elderly persons with alzheimer's disease and related
disorders. Int Psychogeriatr, 2000, 12: 49-65.
125. Aldrige,D.,
Alzheimer's disease: rhythm,timing,and music as therapy. Biomed Pharmacother,
1994, 48: 275-281.
126. Hasegawa,Y., et.al., Music therapy induced
alterations in natural killer cell count and function. Nippon Ronen Iggakai
Zaashi, 2001, 38: 201-204.
127. Cattan,R., et.al., Music therapy
increases serum melatonin levels in patients with alzheimer's disease. Altern
Ther Health Med, 1999, 5: 49-57.
128. Birkmayer,J.G., et.al., Coenzyme
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide: new therapeutic approach for improving
dementia of the alzheimer type. Ann Clin Lab Sci, 1996, 26: 1-9.
129.
Lapchak,P.A., et.al., Effect of recombinant human nerve growth factor on
presynaptic cholinergic function in rat hippocampal slices following partial
septohippocampal lesions: measures of acetylcholine synthesis, acetycholine
release,and choline acetyltransferase activity. Neurocience, 1991, 42:
639-649.
130. Castro,M., et.al., Does the Kunitz domain from the
alzheimer's amyloid beta protein precursor inhibit a kallikrein responsible for
post-translational processing of nerve growth factor precursor? FEBS Lett,1990,
267: 207-212.
131. Olson,L., Grafts and growth factors in CNS. Basic
science with clinical promise. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg,1990, 54-55:
250-267.
132. Eriksdotter,M.,et.al.,Intracerebroventricular infusion of
nerve growth factor in three patients with alzheimer's disease. Dement Geriatr
Cogn Disord, 1998, 9: 246-257.
133. Shalat,S.L., et.al., Risk factors for
alzheimer's disease: a case-control study. Neurology, 1987, 37:
1630-1633.
134. Wang,P.N., et.al., Risk factors for alzheimer's disease:
a case-control study. Neuroepidemiology, 1997, 16: 234-240.
135. Ott,A.,
et.al., Smoking and the risk of dementia and alzheimer's disease in a
population-based cohort study: The Rotterdam Study. Lancet, 1998, 351:
1840-1843.
136. Lee,P.N., et.al., Smoking and alzheimer's disease: a
review of the epidemiological evidence. Neuroepidemiology, 1994, 13:
131-144.
137. Snaedal,J., et.al., The effects of nicotine in dermal
plaster on cognitive function in patients with alzheimer's disease. Dementia,
1996, 7: 47-52.
138. White,H.K., et.al., Four week trial of nicotine skin
patch treatment effects on cognitive performance in alzheimer's disease.
Psychopharmacology, 1999, 143: 158-165.
139. Raskind,M.A., et.al.,
Alzheimer's disease and related disorders. Med Clin North Am, 2001, 85:
803-817.
140. Street,J.S., et.al., Olanzapine treatment of psychotic and
behavioral symptoms in patients with alzheimer disease in nursing care
facilities: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The HGEU Study Group. Arch
Gen Psychiatry, 2000, 57: 968-976.
141. Jacobs,E.A., et.al.,
Hyperoxygenation effect on cognitive functioning in the aged. New England J
Medicine, 1969, 281: 753-757.
142. Fraiberg,P.L., Oxygen inhalation in
the control of psychogeriatric symptoms in patients with long- term illness. J
Am Geriatr Soc, 1973, 21: 321-328.
143. Goldfarb,A.I., et.al., Hyperbaric
oxygen treatment of organic mental syndrome in aged persons. J Gerontol, 1972,
27: 212.
144. Ben-Vishay,Y., et.al., Can oxygen reverse symptoms of
senility? NY State J Med, 1978, 78: 914-919.
145. Holdsworth,F.,
Hyperbaric oxygen and senile psychosis. Lancet, 1969, 2: 1340.
146.
Delwaide,P.J., et.al.,Double-blind, randomized controlled study of
phosphatidylserine in senile demented patients. Acta Neurol Scand, 1986, 73:
136-140.
147. Schreiber, S., et.al., An open trial of plant-source
derived phosphatidylserine for treatment of age-related cognitive decline. Isr J
Psychiatry Relat Sci, 2000, 37: 302-307.
148. Crook,T.,et.al., Effects of
phosphatidylserine in alzheimer's disease. Psychopharmacol Bull, 1992, 28:
61-66.
149. Funfgeld,E.W., et.al., Double-blind study with
phosphatidylserine in parkisonian patients with senile dementia of alzheimer's
type. Prog Clin Biol Res, 1989, 317: 1235-1246.
150. Naor,S., et.al.,
Phosphatidylserine effect on functioning and general condition of alzheimer's
disease patients. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1998, 46: S100.
151.
Sandoz,C.J.,et.al.,Photographs as a tool in memory preservation for patients
with alzheimer's disease. Clinical Gerontologist, 1996, 17: 69-71.
152.
Johansson,M.,et.al., Pharmacokinetic studies of cholinesterase inhibitors. Acta
Neurol Scand, 1993, 149: 22-25.
153. Caltagirone,C.,et.al., Oral
administration of chronic physostigmine does not improve cognitive or mnesic
performances in alzheimer's presenile dementia. Int J Neurosci,1982,16:
247-249.
154. Jenike,M.A., et.al., Oral physostigmine as treatment for
primary degenerative dementia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled inpatient
trial. J Geriatr Psychiatry, 1990, 3: 13-16.
155. Stern,Y., et.al.,
Long-term administration of oral physostigmine in alzheimer's disease.
Neurology, 1988, 38: 1837-1841.
156. Mohs,R.C.,et.al., Clinical studies
of the cholinergic deficit in alzheimer's disease. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1985, 33:
749-757.
157. Schwartz,A.S., et.al., Physostigmine effects in alzheimer's
disease: realtionship to dementia severity. Life Sci, 1986, 38:
1021-1028.
158. Levy,A., et.al., Transdermal physostigmine in the
treatment of alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 1994, 8:
15-21.
159. Gustafson,L., Physostigmine and tetrahydroaminoacridine
treatment of alzheimer's disease. Acta Neurol Scand, 1993, 149:
39-41.
160. Stoppe,G.,et.al., Prescribing practice with cognition
enhancers in outpatient care: are there differences regarding types of
dementia?--Results of a representitive survey in Saxony,Germany.
Pharmacopsychiatry, 1996, 29: 150-155.
161. Flicker,L., et.al., Piracetam
for dementia or cognitive impairment. Cochrane Database Syst Rev,2001, 2:
CD001011.
162. Pierlovisi-Lavaivre,M.,et.al., The significance of
quantified EEG in alzheimer's disease. Changes induced by piracetam.
Neurophysiol Clin, 1991,21: 411-423.
163. Pauszek,M.E., Propanolol for
treatment of agitation in senile dementia. Indiana Med, 1991, 84:
16-17.
164. Weiler,P.G., et.al., Propanolol for the control of disruptive
behavior in senile dementia. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 1988, 1:
226-230.
165. Shankle,W.R.,et.al., Low-dose propanolol reduces aggression
and agitation resembling that associated with orbitofrontal dysfunction in
elderly demented patients. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 1995, 9:
233-237.
166. Rother,M.,et.al., Propentofylline in the treatment of
alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia: a review of phase 3 trials. Dement
Geriatr Cogn Disord, 1998, 9: 36-43.
167. Mielke,R., et.al.,
Propentofylline enhances cerebral metabolic response to auditory memory
stimulation in alzheimers. J Neurol Sci, 1998, 154: 76-82.
168.
Marcusson,J., et.al., A 12 month, randomized,placebo-controlled trial of
propentofylline in patients with dementia according to DSM III-R. Dement Geriatr
Cogn Disord, 1997, 8: 320-328.
169. Bachynsky,J., et.al., Propentofylline
treatment for alzheimer disease and vascular dementia: an economic evaluation
based on functional abilities. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 2000, 2:
102-111.
170. Mielke,R., et.al., Propentofylline in the treatment of
vascular dementia and alzheimer-type dementia: overview of phase 1and phase 2
clinical trials. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 1998, 12:Suppl,
S29-S35.
171. McRae,A., et.al., Propentofylline depresses amyloid and
alzheimer's CSF microglial antigens after ischemia. Neuroreport, 1994, 5:
1193-1196.
172. Koriyama,Y.,et.al., Evaluation of neurotoxicity of
alzheimer's amyloid beta protein in cultured hippocampal cells and its
prevention by propentofylline. Jpn J Pharmacol, 2000, 82: 301-306.
173.
Nabeshima,T., Nerve growth factor strategy and preparation of animal model for
alzheimer-type senile dementia. Yakugaku Zaashi, 1995, 115: 499-512.
174.
Frenchman,I.B.,et.al., Clinical experience with risperidone,haloperidol,and
thioridazine for dementia-associated behavioral disturbances. Int Psychogeriatr,
1997, 9: 431-435.
175. Claus,A., et.al., Risperidone versus haloperidol
in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic inpatients: a multicenter double-blind
comparative study. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 1992, 85: 295-305.
176.
Lopez,I., et.al., Risperidone in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia:
multicenter study comparative to haloperidol. Actas Luso Esp Neurol Psiquiatr
Cienc Afines, 1996, 24: 165-172.
177. Raheja,R.K., et.al.,Efficacy of
risperidone for behavioral disorders in the elderly: a clinical observation. J
Geriatr Psychiatr Neurol, 1995, 8: 159-161.
178. Goldberg,R.J., et.al.,
Risperidone for dementia-related disturbed behavior in nursing home residents: a
clinical experience. Int Psychogeriatr,1997, 9: 65-68.
179. Barcia,D.,
et.al., Risperidone in the treatment of psychotic,affective and behavioral
symptoms associated to alzheimer's disease. Actas Esp Psiquiatr, 1999, 27:
185-190.
180. Katz,I.R., et.al., Comparison of risperidone and placebo
for psychosisand behavioral disturbances associated with dementia: a
randomized,double-blind trial. J Clin Psychiatry,1999, 60: 107-115.
181.
Christensen,H., et.al., Cholinergic blockade as a model of the cognitive
deficits in alzheimer's disease. Brain, 1992, 115: 1681-1699.
182.
Rabey,J.M., et.al., Cognitive effects of scopolamine in dementia. J Neural
Transm Gen Sect, 1996, 103: 873-881.
183. Sunderland,T., et.al.,
Anticholinergic sensitivity in patients with dementia of the alzheimer type and
age-matched controls, A dose-response study. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 1987, 44:
418-426.
184. Krieger,J., Sleep apneas. Rev Med Interne, 1994, 15:
460-470.
185. Pressman,M.R., et.al., Nocturia: A rarely recognized
symptom of sleep apnea and other occult sleep disorders. Arch Intern Med, 1996,
156: 545-550.
186. Hudgel,D.W., Neuropsychiatric manifestations of
obstructive sleep apnea: a review. Int J Psycjiatry Med, 1989, 19:
11-22.
187. Yesavage,J., et.al., Preliminary communication: intellectual
deficit and sleep-related respiratory disturbance in the elderly. Sleep, 1985,
8: 30-33.
188. Kaluza,C.L., et.al., Obstructive sleep apnea: a
multisystemic disorder. J Am Osteopath Assoc, 1995, 95: 420-426.
189.
Guilleminault,C., Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome: a review. Psychiatr Clin
North Am,1987, 10: 607-621.
190. Hoch,C.C., et.al.,
Electroencephalographic sleep in late-life neuropsychiatric disorders. Int
Psychogeriatr, 1989, 1: 51-62.
191. Erkinjuntti,T., et.al., Sleep apnea
in multiinfarct dementia and alzheimer's disease. Sleep, 1987, 10:
419-425.
192. Hoch,C.C., et.al., Sleep-disordered breathing in normal and
pathologic aging. J Clin Psychiatry, 1986, 47: 499-503.
193.
Erkinjuntti,T., et.al., Snoring and dementia. Age Ageing, 1987, 16:
305-310.
194. Keenan,P.A., et.al., The effect on memory of chronic
prednisone treatment in patients with systemic disease. Neurology, 1996, 47:
13896-1402.
195. Varney,N.R., et.al., Reversible steroid dementia in
patients without steroid psychosis. Am J Psychiatry, 1984, 141:
369-372.
196. Aisen,P.S., et.al., A randomized controlled trial of
prednisone in alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 2000, 54: 588-593.
197.
Chynoweth,R., et.al., Pre-senile dementia responding to steroid therapy. Brit J
Psychiatry, 1969, 115: 703-708.
198. Paulson,G.W., Steroid-sensitive
dementia. Am J Psychiatry, 1983, 140: 1031-1033.
199. Griffin,R.L.,
et.al., An overview of therapeutic touch and its application to patients with
alzheimer's disease. Am J Alzheimer Dis, July-August,1998, 211-215.
200.
Gold,M., et.al., Plasma thiamine deficiency asscoiated with alzheimer's disease
but not Parkinson's disease. Metab Brain Dis, 1998, 13: 43-53.
201.
Watkins,S.E., et.al., Plasma amino acids in patients with senile dementia and in
subjects with Down's syndrome at an age vulnerable to alzheimer changes. J Ment
Defic Res, 1989, 33: 159-166.
202. Blass,J.P., et.al., Thiamine and
alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol, 1988, 45: 833-835.
203. Meador,K.,
et.al., Preliminary findings of high-dose thiamine in dementia of alzheimer's
type. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 1993, 6: 222-229.
204. Nolan,K.A.,
et.al., A trial of thiamine in alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol, 1991, 48:
81-83.
205. Sandyk,R., Alzheimer's disease: improvement of visual memory
and visuoconstructive performance by treatment with picotesla range magnetic
fields. Int J Neurosci, 1994, 76: 183-225.
206. Sherder,E.J., et.al.,
Effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation on memoryand behavior in
alzheimer's disease may be stage-dependent. Biol Psychiatry, 1999, 45:
743-749.
207. Sherder,E.J., et.al., Peripheral nerve stimulation in
alzheimer's disease. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr, 1997, 28: 59-68.
208.
Lebert,F., et.al., Behavioral effects of trazodone in alzheimer's disease. J
Clin Psychiatry, 1994, 55: 536-538.
209. Sultzer,D.L., et.al., A
double-blind comparison of trazodone and haloperidol for treatment of agitation
in patients with dementia. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry, 1997,5: 60-69.
210.
Walsh,A.C., Arterial insufficiency of the brain: progression prevented by
long-term anticoagulant therapy in eleven patients. J Am Geriatr Soc, 1969, 17:
93-104.
211. Walsh,A.C., et.al., Senile and presenile dementia: further
observations on the benefits of a dicumarol-psychotherapy regimen. J Am Geriatr
Soc, 1972, 20: 127-131.
212. Walsh,A.C., Anticoagulant therapy for
dementia: informed consent. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 1992, 4:
463.
213. Walsh,A.C., Anticoagulant therapy for dementia. J
Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci, 1995,7: 119.
214. Ratner,J.,
et.al.,Anticoagulant therapy for senile dementia.J Amer Geriatric Soc., 1972, 20: 556-559.
215.
Langtry,H.D., et.al., Zolpidem. A review of its pharmacodynamic and
pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic potential. Drugs, 1990, 40:
291-313.
216. Scharf,M.B., et.al., Dose response effects of zolpidem in
normal geriatric subjects. J Clin Psychiatry, 1991, 52: 77-83.
217.
Jackson,C.W., et.al., Zolpidem for the treatment of agitation in elderly
demented patients. J Clin Psychiatry,1996, 57: 372.
218. Shelton,P.S.,
et.al., Zolpidem for dementia-related insomnia and nightime wandering. Ann
Pharmacother, 1997,31: 319-322.
219. Hoehns,J.D., et.al., Zolpidem: a
nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic for treatment of insomnia. Clin Pharm, 1993, 12:
814-828.